Each pterygoid process projects inferiorly from the junction of the body and greater wing of the sphenoid bone and bifurcates into a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate. Cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the carotid. In addition, the anastomosis between the lesser palatine artery and ascending palatine artery provide collateral supply to the palate. The pterygoid venous plexus communicates with the cavernous sinus via two routes. The pterygoid venous plexus was organized as a compact network of channels between and superior to the muscle fibers it was in close relation with the foramen ovale. It is important to be aware of the imaging characteristics of rhabdomyolysis and to consider the possibility of involvement of head and neck muscles to aid in early diagnosis and avoid misinterpretation of the imaging.
Veins of the neck bergmans comprehensive encyclopedia of. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by medical. Anterior condylar vein the anterior condylar vein accompanies the hypoglossal nerve. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by the free. Flow signals may be seen in the jugular vein and dural sinuses at the skull base on mra images in healthy participants, however, because of reverse flow. Pdf transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous. Lateral pterygoid short thick muscle lying almost horizontally. In humans, the orbitotemporal sinus system is greatly modified.
Infection from the upper lip and the alae of the nose may reach the cavernous sinus and cause thrombosis of the cavernuous sinus which is a serious complication. A venous plexus is any collection of veins clustered together within the body. The suboccipital venous plexus drains the back of the head. Pterygoid plexus vein definition of pterygoid plexus vein. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin administration into the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle of patients with jaw opening dystonia by using a computer. Diplopia, local anesthesia, posterior superior nerve, pterygoid plexus of veins i ntroduction local anesthesia is defined as a loss of sensation in a circumscribed area of the body caused by a depression of excitations of nerve endings or an inhibition of. The orbital varices were incidentally discovered while investigating the patients initial presentation of bilateral chorioretinal scars and optic nerve head drusen. Yeung, in head, neck, and orofacial infections, 2016. In 5 of these cases, both intraoperative observations and imaging data suggested that an important factor in the blood loss was damage to the pterygoid venous plexus. Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate superficial head.
A venous plexus is a congregation of multiple veins. Which venous sinus is the most important to dental professionals. Pterygoid plexus vein synonyms, pterygoid plexus vein pronunciation, pterygoid plexus vein translation, english dictionary definition of pterygoid plexus vein. Communicates with the other one on the opposite side, with the pterygoid plexus of veins and the superior ophthalmic vein, which. The pharyngeal plexus venous is a network of veins beginning in the pharyngeal plexus on the outer surface of the pharynx, and, after receiving some posterior meningeal veins and the vein of the pterygoid canal, end in the internal jugular. If this is simply an incidental finding, probably no follow up necessary, or possibly an additional study or follow up mri in a short time if there is some uncertainty. Unit viii problem 9 the ear is an organ with 2 functions.
Management of pterygoid venous plexus hemorrhage during. Hayashi et al 20 found that if the pterygoid venous plexus via its connections with the emissary veins of the foramina ovale and vesalius are primarily responsible for cavernous sinus drainage, then epidural procedures in this area may result in more complications. At the inferior tip of the medial pterygoid plate is the small hookshaped process, the. This collection of veins is classified by some as emissary veins as it joins the intradural sinuses with extracranial veins. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by the. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. The pterygoid venous plexus is an extensive valveless plexus of veins that parallels the medial two thirds of the maxillary artery on the lateral aspect of the medial pterygoid muscle, within the infratemporal fossa. Pterygoid plexus medical definition merriamwebster.
The posterior wall of the cavernous sinus extends laterally from the dorsum sellae to the medial edge of the ostium of meckels cave. Veins of the deep structures of the face open here. The infratemporal fossa borders contents teachmeanatomy. In this case report, we present the details of the management of a direct carotid cavernous fistula by this method. Case report lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis. We have conducted a study after injection of colored latex in 10 unembalmed subjects in order to define the arrangement of the venous network and to assess the frequency of the different types of plexuses found. The selective involvement of the lateral pterygoid muscles among the muscles of mastication may be due to the prominent pterygoid venous plexus that surrounds each muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging mri of the brain and orbits with contrast confirmed the presence of bilateral varices of the. Limited information here, am assuming this is a mri finding. New anatomoradiological findings of the lateral pterygoid. Both types of fistula may have drainage through the superior ophthalmic vein, the plexus of the foramen ovale to the pterygoid plexus, andor the deep middle cerebral vein. The pterygoid venous plexuses are closely adjacent to the lateral pterygoid m.
Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by. Cavernous sinuses and draining dural sinuses or veins are often visualized on 3d tof mra images in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas involving the cs. The pterygoid processes or pterygoid plates are paired posteroinferior projections of the sphenoid bone. Case report lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis core. Illustrated anatomical parts with images from eanatomy and descriptions of anatomical structures. One route is via emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale, foramen spinosum. The anterior facial vein joins the pterygoid venous plexus through the deep facial vein. Access to the foramen ovale was deep mean 56 mm and narrow 20. Nov 01, 2007 lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis to the best of our knowledge, involvement of the head and neck muscles by rhabdomyolysis has not been reported previously. Pterygoid venous plexus definition of pterygoid venous. Venous plexus article about venous plexus by the free. As a result, an infection of the face may spread to the cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus. It receives tributaries corresponding with the branches of the maxillary artery.
Venous drainage of head and neck linkedin slideshare. For venous drainage of the cavernous sinus, the inferior petrosal sinus and pterygoid plexus have main importance. Diplopia following id block british dental journal. Lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis request pdf. The key to success in removing a large jna is effective control of bleeding.
Oct 01, 2002 the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus extends laterally from the dorsum sellae to the medial edge of the ostium of meckels cave. The pharyngeal plexus venous is a network of veins beginning on the outer surface of the pharynx, and, after receiving some posterior meningeal veins and the vein of the pterygoid canal, end in the internal jugular. The median antebrachial vein drains the venous plexus on the volar surface of the hand. Normal flow signal of the pterygoid plexus on 3t mra in. Little protrusion to assist in opening of jaw, depression along with hyoid muscles grinding collective action of both pterygoids medial pterygoid origin. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. The pterygoid venous plexus is connected to the cavernous sinus. May 14, 2005 the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles lie within the infratemporal fossa which is a space located deep to the ramus of the mandible and posterior to the maxilla. The lymphatic drainage follows that of the auricle. Chang l1, zixiang y, zheming f, gongbiao l, zhichun l, rong z, aidong z, shuzhan l.
An extraction complicated by lateral and medial pterygoid. It communicates with the facial vein through the deep facial and angular veins. Transvenous embolization of a direct carotid cavernous. Management of pterygoid venous plexus hemorrhage during resection of a large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Although discussed less often, the venous system is also critical to normal functioning of the visual pathways. Our analyses were based on intraoperative observations and advanced imaging methods. Pterygoid plexus vein definition of pterygoid plexus. The infratemporal fossa is a complex area located at the base of the skull, deep to the masseter muscle it is closely associated with both the temporal and pterygopalatine fossae and acts as a conduit for neurovascular structures entering and leaving the cranial cavity this article will outline the borders and content of the fossa before examining its clinical relevance. Such emissary veins connect the cavernous sinus with the pterygoid venous plexus.
Pterygoid plexus plexus pterygoideus anatomical parts. It communicates with the facial vein figure 427 via the deep facial. Homology and evolution of the orbitotemporal venous. In recent years, we began to study whether damage to the pterygoid venous plexus pvp during the resection of large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma jnas in the infratemporal fossa is an important factor in blood loss. Ocular venous outflow begins in the arcade retinal veins, which exit into the central retinal vein and in the choroidal veins, which exit the sclera through the vortex veins. This report illustrates a case of asymptomatic bilateral orbital varices in a 64yearold caucasian male. Inferior ophthalmic liebgott, the anatomical basis of dentistry, 2nd ed, mosby, 2001 blood supply to the infratemporal fossa connections to. Integrated open surgical and endovascular embolization.
The pharyngeal plexus venous is a network of veins beginning in the pharyngeal plexus on the outer surface of the pharynx, and, after receiving some posterior meningeal veins and the vein of the pterygoid canal, end in the internal jugular see also. You are using a browser version with limited support for css. References this cardiovascular system article is a stub. Pharyngeal plexus netters atlas, 4th ed, saunderselsevier, 2006. This definition incorporates text from the wikipedia website wikipedia. The pterygoid processes or pterygoid plates are paired posteroinferior projections of the sphenoid bone gross anatomy. In principle, both tributaries as well as draining veins may serve as transvenous approach to the cavernous sinus, depending on individual angioarchitecture of the av.
It is interesting to note the affected abdominal and pelvic muscles in our patient showed changes from subtle to prominent hyperattenuation on ct scans in a similar time course. An inconsistent number of small veins may traverse the cartilage. Its importance lies as the neurovascular crossroad of the nasal cavity, masticator space, orbit, oral cavity, and middle. The amount of blood lost ranged from 200 to 5,000 ml mean.
We report a case of rhabdomyolysis due to acetaminophen overdose involving the lateral pterygoid muscles bilaterally, in addition to the other muscles of the abdomen and pelvis. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence of flow. Dent106y maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus. This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of grays anatomy 1918. Pterygoid venous plexus doctors answer your questions. Anatomy and pathology of the cranial emissary veins. Ubersetzungen fur pterygoid venous plexus plexus venosus pterygoideus im englischdeutschworterbuch, mit echten sprachaufnahmen, illustrationen, beugungsformen.
The petrosquamosal emissary vein, when present, may be encountered with. Pterygoid plexus noun the noun pterygoid plexus has 1 sense. Venous drainage is into the pterygoid venous plexus. Surgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa using the. Transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula of the laterocavernous sinus through the pterygoid plexus. Cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date. Another route is via the deep facial vein, which links the pterygoid venous plexus with the facial vein. The relatively small sinus communicans runs in the angle between the petrosal bone and the cranial side wall. Closure of a direct carotid cavernous fistula with detachable coils by transpterygoid venous approach to the cavernous sinus is an alternative technique that may be applied in cases in which other techniques offer increased risk or in which other techniques have failed. Typically, the small veins in a venous plexus will eventually unite and form a single large vein. The floor of the middle fossa has been removed to expose the infratemporal fossa, which contains the branches of the maxillary artery and the mandibular nerve, the pterygoid venous plexus, and the pterygoid muscles. The isolated involvement of the lateral pterygoid muscles may be due to the presence of the surrounding pterygoid venous plexus. As always, speak with your clinician regarding appropriate course of.
Pterygoid fovea on neck of mandible and to capsule and articular disc of tm joint. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf, less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly, and orbital apex superior. Oral bio chapter 6 vascular system flashcards quizlet. To the best of our knowledge, involvement of the head and neck muscles by rhabdomyolysis has not been reported previously. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Anteriorly, the episcleral venous plexus collects both blood from the anterior uveal circulation and aqueous. A morphological study of the vertebral venous plexus and. Lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis american journal. Lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis, american journal of. The palate receives arterial supply primarily from the greater palatine arteries, which run anteriorly from the greater palatine foramen.